How to Be a Good College Roommate

Living with a roommate can often seem complicated and overwhelming, especially in college. Between sharing a tiny space with someone you barely know and trying to respect each others very busy lives, your roommate relationship can quickly implode if you arent careful. So just what can you do to be a good roommate amidst everything else you have going on? Fortunately, being a good roommate boils down to a few simple rules. Be Kind Sure, youre both stressed out, have way too much work to do, need to get more sleep, and havent had any privacy since the day school started. No matter how stress/tired/cranky/annoyed you are, however, you still must be kind. Always. Be Respectful Respect comes in all forms in a roommate relationship. Respect your roomies need for space and quiet sometimes. Respect the requests your roommate makes of you, even if you think those requests are silly. Respect your roommates stuff, from their laptop to their milk in the fridge. And respect them as a person. Be a Good Listener Sometimes, your roommate may want to talk to you about something they have going on in their personal life; sometimes, they may want to talk to you about things theyd like changed in the room. And sometimes theyll communicate a million things to you without opening their mouth. Be a good listener to your roommate, paying attention to them when theyre communicating with you and truly hearing what they have to say (even if it is through silence). Be Clear and Communicative Being forthcoming with your own needs is just as important as being a good listener. If something is bothering you, talk about it; if you just want some alone time, say so; if you are feeling overwhelmed and just need to vent to your roommate for a little while, ask if they have a few minutes. Roommates arent mind readers, so its important for you to communicate with your roommate in a genuine, clear, constructive way as often as possible. Be Honest Trying to gloss over little problems will just make them grow until they get humongous and unavoidable. Be honest about what you need as a roommate and ask that your roommate do the same. Additionally, if something happens that will affect your roommate, confess it. Its much better to be honest from the beginning than further corrode a delicate situation. Be Flexible Living with a roommate requires a lot of flexibility. Be honest with yourself about what kinds of things you can compromise and bend a little on. The things that matter most to you might not matter at all to your roommate, and vice versa. You might be surprised by how much you can learn by being flexible and adaptable when needed. Be Generous You dont have to buy your roommate tons of things to be a generous roommate. Generosity comes in all kinds of forms in college. Offer to help in little ways, from adding their towel to your load of laundry to saving a piece of pizza from your own delivery when your roommates up late somewhere else finishing a lab report. A little generosity can go a long way without costing you too much money -- or effort. Be Firm on Whats Important Although it might feel like youre doing the right thing at the time, you wont be a good roommate if you compromise too much of yourself and what you need. Be firm on whats important to you, no matter how silly you might feel at first. The things that matter most to you are the things that help define who you are; being firm in some areas of your life is healthy and productive. Your roommate ideally will respect your principles, value systems, and unique living preferences once you communicate about what you value most.

Human Origins And Methods Used For Biological Anthropology

Recent findings of the human origins and methods used in Biological anthropology. Biological anthropology or also known as Bioanthropology, is a subfield of anthropology that uses the scientific method to study the biology and behavior of Homo sapiens, non-human primates, and the ancestors of Homo sapiens. Bioanthropology itself is further divided into several branches. All branches are united in their common application of evolutionary theory to understanding human origin, morphology and behavior. There are many types of methods used to understand the origins of human evolution; some common methods include the study of fossils, the study of genetics, or a combination of both methods. Using resent studies of fossil records from Dmanisi in the Republic of Georgia , Genetic and fossil studies of Denisovans from Siberia, and genetic studies of Neanderthals, the evolutionary history of these extinct hominids can be use to determine the environment into which modern humans evolved and its origins. In Bioanthropology, the dispersal of early hominins is a common and a significant study that can reveal missing puzzles from the events that lead to the evolution of humans and its dispersal. In recent years, researches have argued the idea that Homo erectus was not the first Homo species that invaded Europe and Asia, but rather it had evolved in Eurasia (Reid, et al. 2011). Since the discovery of the Dmanisi fossil beds, dating up to 1.85 Ma in the Republic of Georgia, the theoryShow MoreRelatedAnthropology and Its Branches1728 Words   |  7 PagesAnthropology is the study of human beings, in particular the study of their physical character, evolutionary history, racial classification, historical and present-day geographic distribution, group relationships, and cultural history. Anthropology can be characterized as the naturalistic description and interpretation of the diverse peoples of the world. Modern-day anthropology consists of two major divisions: cultural anthropology, which deals with the study of human culture in all its aspects;Read MoreNatural Selection And Human Evolution1198 Words   |  5 PagesBiological Anthropology Biological anthropology, also known as physical anthropology, is the study of human evolution defined by Anthropology Professor Dr. Craig Palmer at the University of Missouri. Evolution is the changed caused by natural selection. The effect of the inheritable elements on their own frequency in succeeding generations. (Inheritable elements replaced the words generations). The variation within species and reproductive success are the basis of natural selection. Natural selectionRead MoreHuman Nature, Human, And The Human Past1210 Words   |  5 PagesCharlton Student #250833199 Anthropology 1020E 001 5A Alexis Dolphin November 9 2015 Introduction Evolutionary studies are undoubtedly a large, significant aspect of biological anthropology. Anthropology can be defined as â€Å"the study of human nature, human society, and the human past† (Lavenda and Schultz 2016:5). Evolution includes the past, present, and future. It revolves around how we got to where we are today; what are our origins as modern day humans? Neanderthals are an important pieceRead MoreThe Evolution Of Physical Anthropology Essay1282 Words   |  6 Pagesmodifies and separate to produce several offspring species. 2) Define physical anthropology Physical anthropology is concerned with the evolution of humans, their origin, diversity, as well as adaptations to environmental stresses. Discuss some of the general ways physical anthropologists investigate evolution Physical anthropologists investigate evolution through various ways in order to give a well understanding of human evolution and these are relative dating research, theoretical research, fossilRead MoreThe Full Scope Of Human Life871 Words   |  4 PagesHumans are an interesting species because of the strong need humans have to fully understand what it truly means to be human. Many fields such as history, psychology, and sociology all offer a perspective in the study of humanity, but there are distinguishable from anthropology. Anthropology differs from other humanities fields due to its holistic nature, comparative research methods, and the strong emphasis on fieldwork and participant interaction. Anthropology is the study of people throughoutRead MoreFieldwork in Various Anthropological Schools of Thought Essay1167 Words   |  5 PagesCultural anthropology is a social science that studies the origins and development of human societies (History World International, 2001). Many t heories to explain cultural variations among humans have emerged. As a result, numerous anthropological schools of thought have been established based on these theories since the nineteenth century. These schools of thought encompass the dominant beliefs about culture during a time period and are constantly changing as new knowledge is acquired. As schoolsRead MoreImportance Of Chemical Analysis Of Anthropology Is Not A Word That Crosses People s Minds1103 Words   |  5 PagesStephen Acabado Anthropology 8 24 October 2015 The Importance of Chemical Analysis in Archaeology Anthropology is not a word that crosses people’s minds very often, and when it does, it is most often associated with treasure-hunting and dinosaurs. Those who have a vague idea of what anthropology – that is, the study of human past and all that entails – and its subfield, archaeology is, often think of both as one-dimensional fields, when in reality, they are so much more. Anthropology is a multi-disciplinaryRead MoreAnthropology Relation with Other Social Sciences2821 Words   |  12 PagesAnthropology (from the Greek word á ¼â€žÃŽ ½ÃŽ ¸Ã Ãâ€°Ãâ‚¬ÃŽ ¿Ãâ€š, human or person) consists of the study of humanity (see genus Homo). The discipline is a holistic study, concerned with all humans, at all times, in all humanitys dimensions. Anthropology is traditionally distinguished from other disciplines by its emphasis on cultural relativity, in-depth examination of context, and cross-cultural comparisons. Anthropology is methodologically diverse, using both qualitative and quantitative methods, such as firsthandRead MoreThe Discipline Of Cultural Anthropology3459 Words   |  14 Pages The discipline of cultural anthropology falls into the idea that culture everywhere is our lives impacts every aspect of our human lives. â€Å"Anthropology is the scientific study of human beings-that is, human creature viewed in the abstract: male, female, all colors and shapes, pre-historic, ancient, and modern. Many cultural anthropologists come to believe that the idea of our past and present societies, from the social and cultural structure of them, to the religion and language, as well as theRead MoreCultural Anthropology : Physical Anthropology3800 Words   |  16 Pagesglossary Anthropology: It is a general comprehensive science of man in the past and present of any culture. This is divided into two main areas: physical anthropology, dealing with biological evolution and physiological adaptation of humans, and social or cultural anthropology that deals with people living in society, ie forms of evolution of language, culture and customs. Anthropology uses tools and knowledge produced by the natural sciences and the social sciences. Aspiration of anthropological

The Country Husband Free Essays

Literally Essay The Country Husband We all make choices in our lives. We choose who we will be, what we will believe and what social norms or values will guide our everyday lives. In making these choices, particularly about our value system , we do not question whether these choices (our value system)will be tested and found faulty because of our ever changing circumstance. We will write a custom essay sample on The Country Husband or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the story The Country Husband, Francis Weed found himself questioning his value system as dictated by his suburban living. Francis Weed, after a traumatic life event, became temporarily dissatisfied with his superficial world of social clubs and high society (suburbia) and acted to rebel against it. However in his fight, he realized that he needed the very thing he hated and resolved this conflict with distractions, unrequited love and woodworking. We all belong in a community in which our membership should mean we agree with the values/standards of that community and our participation is a choice. In this story, Mr. Weeds participation in his community appears to be forced After an alleged emergency plane landing, Mr. Weeds returns home to his family and community where his ordeal is ignored. He attempts to share this ordeal with his wife in stating, â€Å" [I] was nearly killed in an airplane crash, and [I[ don’t like to come home every night to a battlefield. † (Cheever, pg 65) Instead of inquiring about the accident or showing some degree of sympathy about his accident, Mrs. Weeds responds by stating that â€Å"He doesn’t come home every night to a battlefield. † (Cheever, pg 65) Mr. Weeds ordeal is ignored because it does not have a place in his suburban life in the community of Shady Hill. It neither adds to nor takes away from the values of this community and therefore it has no relevance. It appears that Mr. Weeds begins to question the values his community places on him and the consequence endured if they are violated. Thus, he recalled the war in Vessey, a day in which a woman who was socially humiliated for some apparent indiscretion for which her head was shaved and she was made to walk the street naked. He believes that woman who serves him dinner is the oman â€Å"punished at the crossroads, (Cheever, pg 67) but he know it would have been â€Å"a social as well as human error† to share this story at the dinner table because talk of war and trouble of the world was â€Å"unseemly and impolite† (Cheever, pg 67) in Shady Hill. Mr. Weeds understood the tenuous nature of his standing in his community/family but he no longer wanted to be a part of it. Mr. Weeds saw how pretentious his life had become and in his first act of rebellion was to fall in love with the baby sitter, Ann, which was an awesome slap in the face to the norms and values of his community. As he stated, there was no history for Shady Hill of such â€Å"turpitude†¦they had not even been a breath of scandal. † (Cheever, pg 71). But, Mr. Weeds imagined loving the babysitter and the ruckus it would cause, if he were caught taking advantage of the baby sitter. The mere thought however filled Mr. Weeds with so much energy/life that as a result of this newfound freedom, he impulsively purchased a bracelet for the baby sitter who seems to regard him only as an employer. Further, his escape from the pressure of conforming leads him to kiss this girl in the presence of the social misfit. In this new state of mind, Mr. Weeks finds courage and is finally able to say what is on his mind. He is temporarily able to free himself from the constraint of civility and express his innermost thought to the leading member of the Shady Hill society by stating to her that she should paint her windows curtain black and shut up. The feeling of being â€Å"deliberately impolite† made Mr. Weeds feel wonderful. (Cheever, pg 70) Francis has arrived another moment of truth when his wife Julia decides she is going to leave him because she cannot stand by and watch him destroy their social position that she has worked so hard to gain within Shady Hill. He confesses to her by saying Julia, I do love you, and I would like to be as we were-sweet and bawdy and dark-but now there are so many people. (Cheever, pg77) It seems at this moment with everything he has gone through that he has accepted his life and realizes his wife needs him and he needs her. He makes an appointment to see a psychiatrist where he is advised that he should take up woodwork as a hobby. Perhaps this is an outlet where there are no boundaries and he is free to create whatever he likes without having to fit into a standard. There comes a point in everybody’s life where we reflect on the values we adopt in becoming a member of a community and sometimes we are not satisfied with the decisions we make. I am sure for that when we initially decide to become a member of a community we do so with the hope that as we grow and our needs change, our community will reflect our new needs and growth. Mr. Weed’s community did not foster change and could not allow him to grow. He found himself trapped in the values of his community and his only escape was within his imagination. How to cite The Country Husband, Papers

Blood Bonds Antigone And The Eumenides Essay free essay sample

Blood Chemical bonds: Antigone And The Eumenides Essay, Research Paper Every homo on this Earth has a bond to another. These bonds, every bit good as their significance, differ between people. This paper will concentrate on the bonds of matrimony and blood, and their function in the dramas Antigone and The Eumenides. How do they associate to each other? Is one more of import than the other? How does the Godhead and mortal universe interpret these? Through a reappraisal of the two dramas and a comparing of their presentation of the bonds of blood and matrimony, this paper will reply these inquiries. Upon initial scrutiny, the bond of blood seems to be the predominating one in Antigone, but upon closer scrutiny, it is obvious that the bond of matrimony plays a strong function every bit good. Sophocles introduces these bonds through Antigone # 8217 ; s troubled lineage ; she was born of an confederation between her brother and her female parent. We will write a custom essay sample on Blood Bonds Antigone And The Eumenides Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page ( This confederation besides produced Ismene, Polyneices, and Eteocles. ) This noncompliance of natural Torahs clearly shows the discourtesy that this household has for bonds of matrimony and of blood. This noncompliance may be unconditioned, as some argue that Oedipus knew nil of his married woman # 8217 ; s relation to him when he killed the male monarch, his male parent. ( Coles Notes, 20-21 ) In any instance, this discourtesy has been passed onto Antigone. She sees matrimony as a sort of decease. ( Sophocles, 504-508 ) She besides states that she would non hold buried her hubby against the metropolis # 8217 ; s orders, as she did for her brother. ( Sophocles, 960-964 ) Her logic is that although she may hold another hubby or kid, she will neer hold another brother, since her parents are dead. ( Sophocles, 966-969 ) This leads to the decision that the decease of her parents has strengthened the blood bond. ( In other words, the devastation of matrimony causes stronger blood ties, where matrimony weakens blood ties. ) This is why Antigone sees matrimony as a sort of decease, and why she believes that it will weaken her ties with her household. ( Sophocles, 506-512 ) Antigone first expresses her sense of responsibility to her siblings in lines 81 to 89: # 8220 ; Be as you choose to be ; but for myself I myself will bury him. It will be good To decease, so making. I shall lie by his side, Loving him as he loved me ; I shall be a criminal-but a spiritual one. # 8221 ; This strong belief is tested indirectly many times throughout the drama, but most strongly in a confrontation with Creon, where she maintains and restates her original beliefs. ( Sophocles, 509-515 ) This is particularly notable sing the times in which she lived. Her topographic point is in the family, or oikos, non to look for glorification or courage, or dispute important figures. The lines are non as clearly drawn in The Eumenides. The Godhead and mortal universes have different sentiments about the holiness of blood and matrimony bonds. The issue here is one of justness, as it is in Antigone, but in a different regard. In add-on, a complicated household history leads up to the struggle. During the Trojan War, King Agamemnon sacrificed his girl. When he returned, his married woman, Clytaemestra, in retaliation for his offense murdered him. Many old ages subsequently, their boy, Orestes, murdered Clytaemestra ( who was non punished ) in retaliation for his male parent # 8217 ; s decease. ( Aeschylus, 454-464 ) Questions arise, such as: Is the offense of Orestes more terrible than that of Clytaemestra? Should Orestes be punished or is his offense one of justness? In the beginning, the lines seem clearly drawn. The Gods, spec ifically Apollo, see the matrimony bond as equal to one of blood. His logic behind this is that Zeus and Hera have sanctified the matrimony curses. ( Aeschylus, 213-222 ) Persons, as represented by the chorus, see a matrimony bond as inconsequential compared with a bond of blood. ( Aeschylus, 211-12 ) However, subsequently in the drama, Athene agrees with the persons, although her opinion of Orestes’ penalty does non reflect this belief. ( Aeschylus, 739-41, 752-753 ) These contradictions highlight the struggle between Godhead and person, and matrimony and blood. In both dramas, a blatant discourtesy for the matrimony bond is shown. In Antigone, it is seen in Oedipus # 8217 ; devastation of his parent # 8217 ; s matrimony. ( Coles Notes, 20 ) The male monarch, Creon, besides shows discourtesy for this bond, as shown in lines 626-629 and in lines 632-633: # 8220 ; Ismene: Will you kill your boy # 8217 ; s married woman to be? Creon: Yes, there are other Fieldss for him to plow. Ismene: Not with the common love of him and her. Creon: I hate a bad married woman for a boy of mine. [ . . . ] Chorus: Will you rob you boy of this miss? Creon: Death-it is decease that will halt the matrimony for me. # 8221 ; In The Eumenides, the discourtesy for this bond is shown most clearly by the refusal of persons ( Aeschylus, 211-13 ) and Athene ( Aeschylus, 739-40 ) to accept the bond of matrimony as one equal to the bond of blood. In contrast, a strong regard for the bonds of blood is shown in both dramas. For Antigone, her siblings are the most of import people to her. She is willing to bury her brother against the metropolis # 8217 ; s orders even if it means her executing. ( Sophocles, 82-89 ) This seems to be contradicted by the awkward place that she puts her sister, Ismene, in by inquiring her to take part in Antigone # 8217 ; s offense. ( Sophocles, 90-101 ) However, Antigone does this out of regard and obeisance for her oikos, the kingdom of the family. Everything that she does throughout the drama is out of this regard and obeisance. Creon disrespects Antigone # 8217 ; s obeisance to her oikos, as shown by his consistent belief that what Antigone did was incorrect, no affair what her grounds. ( Sophocles, 526-40 ) He is besides disrespecting the bond of blood of uncle and niece between him and Antigone. ( Sophocles, 530-534 ) His pride dominates ancient imposts and his love for his household. ( Sophocles, 585-587. ) The competition of regard and discourtesy for these bonds is seen once more in The Eumenides. As antecedently stated, Apollo sees the bond of blood and the bond of matrimony as equal ( Aeschylus, 213-23 ) , where persons ( Aeschylus, 211-13 ) and Athene ( Aeschylus, 739-40 ) see the bond of blood as superior to that of matrimony. This causes struggles between the Gods. In the beginning of the drama, this struggle is between Apollo, who believes Orestes should non be punished, and the Furies, who believe he should be punished for matricide. When opinion on Orestes is passed ( # 8221 ; Athene: The adult male before us has escaped the charge of blood. # 8221 ; line 752 ) , the wrath of the Furies moves from Apollo to Athene. This struggle lasts from line 778 to the terminal of the drama. It is obvious after close scrutiny between these two texts that the bonds between matrimony and blood are frequently complicated. They are frequently intertwined ( as seen by Antigone # 8217 ; s lineage ) and their importance differs between civilizations and social places, as seen in The Eumenides. Antigone and The Furies are of import Greek social statements on the bonds of blood and matrimony.

Personal reaction Essay Example

Personal reaction Essay While reading the first couple pages of wild swans, I was immediately amazed by the culture and the perspectives of the citizens. For example, the men valued women with small petite bonded feet and it was said that a woman with large feet would bring shame onto the family. Mind you that so called large feet were what is now a womans average shoe size. Mothers did this to their young daughters. Can you imagine the pain of having a stone smashed on your foot every day? This caused bruising and ingrown toenails which are very disgusting. I cant imagine how men loud have found that attractive. Another thing that caught my attention was how on earth did Change know so much about her great grandmothers life, not only did she know about it, but she described it in detail, and all of her stories seem credible. Changes Wild Swans, has many situations where a Chinese woman was affected by their culture. However, the situation that stood out the most was in chapter six, when Jung Changes mother, De-Hong, was getting married to her boyfriend, Shoo-you. Less than two months after returning from Hardin my mother and father filed their application. Change 118) For people to get married they have to file an application for their society to approve their relationship. Marriage had traditionally been a contract between families, and there had never been civil registration or a marriage certificate. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal reaction specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Personal reaction specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Personal reaction specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Now for those who had Joined the revolution, the Party functioned as the family head. (Change 118) The criteria to be able to get married was called 28-7- regiment-I . (Change 118) The criteria Is called 28-7-regiment-l because The man had to be at least 28 years old, a Party member for at least seven years, and with a rank equivalent to that of a regimental commander; the 1 referred to the only qualification the woman had to meet, to have worked for the Party for a minimum of one year. Changes 118) If the man or women did not meet these requirements, they were not to be married. Overall, Jung Changes book, Wild Swans, Is Interesting and inspiring. It Is changing my perspective on things, and how much the world has developed since then. Its great to read about a culture and how It grows. Its Like Im reading a personal diary from generation to generation.

Cover Letter Guide Writing Your Best Cover Letter for 2017

Cover Letter Guide Writing Your Best Cover Letter for 2017 The cover letter is often the underappreciated sibling of the resume. It’s a little lefts)Do You Have Tips for My Particular Field?Here at TheJobNetwork, we’re constantly working on spotlighting different fields, but if you’re in one of these fields and writing a cover letter, then you are already in luck:How to Write a Perfect Teacher Cover LetterHow to Write a Perfect Admin Assistant Cover LetterHow to Write a Perfect Human Resources Cover LetterEven if you’re not in one of these specific fields, you’ll find helpful tips and tricks that you can apply to your own letter as well.And there you have it†¦you should be good to start your own cover letter! Congrats on not neglecting this oft-overshadowed piece of your applicant package, and boosting your chances of getting to the next steps.

Art and aesthetics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Art and aesthetics - Essay Example Therefore, the definition of art proper; is the art as a means of expression, since the other aspects of art, such as art as a craft and art as a magic have no real bearing on the essence and the meaning that art has to create, if it is not applied as a means of expression (Collingwood, 105). This is because, under circumstances where art is to be defined as a craft, then it must be divided into the elements of; means and the end (Collingwood, 108). However, it is apparent that art is not divisible into the components of a means and an end, but unfortunately the various answers that have been given to responding to the question; what is art, has always suggested that it is so. Therefore, there is a need to refute the claims that are postulated by the hypothesis that art is divisible into the components of means and end, where the technical theory of art defines the component of means as arousing emotion (Collingwood, 108). This hypothesis tries to indicate that art is a means of brin ging onto the fore, something that has already been determined as desirable, so that it eventually influences the way an individual feels. The factual truth about art is that it is not a means that arouses feelings and emotions, but it has some element of interacting with emotions, but what it does clearly resembles arousing emotions, but it is not arousing it (Collingwood, 108). Therefore, the real definition of art has something to do with emotions and their arousal, but clearly exists in two different ways, one being the unexpressed emotion, where an individual feels the emotions in a helpless and oppressive way, considering that such emotions are in existence, but then they have not been streamed into action so that they can be understood, rather remaining suppressed within an individual, thus sitting in as just oppressive (Collingwood, 109). The second nature of emotions is the emotions in expressed way, which then refers to the emotions that the individual has allowed to be kn own, and as such they are fully expressed and exploited, and they have therefore been removed from the unconscious part of the individual, into being conscious feelings, which has something to do with the way the individual is feeling the emotions. Through expressed feelings, an individual’s mind is freed of the baggage of the emotions, and thus the sense of oppression has completely vanished and the mind becomes eased and somehow lightened by the unburdening of the feelings (Collingwood, 110). This serves as the real meaning of art, and thus the response to the question what is art, can be responded to by stating that; art is a means through which an individual eases and lightens their mind, through unburdening the oppressive emotions inside them, by allowing the burden to vanish into the audience. Therefore, to express emerge as becoming conscious of an emotion, which then means it is not practically possible to apply a differentiation between means and end, when it comes t o the functionality of art (Collingwood, 111). Thus, there is a need to differentiate the philosophical meaning of art and work of art, considering that it is through a work of art that the aspects of planning and execution can be differentiated, but there is completely no way of differentiating planning and exec

7 Separate annotated bibligraphy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

7 Separate annotated bibligraphy - Essay Example Globalization, Dirlik argues, is not simply global integration, as suggested by its economistic ideologues and interpreters, but a new mode of fragmentation and of comprehending the world. It is therefore necessary to critically consider the historical relationship between globalization as a new beginning in breaking down old hegemonies and as the ultimate victory of capitalist modernity. He concludes that whilst globalization is best understood historically, it also has produced new ways of looking at history, and that there is a need to write world history in non-Eurocentric ways and to understand globalization from two different historical perspectives. Ikenberry shows the linked history, present, and future questions between American hegemony and open economic markets characteristic of globalization. Whilst this is not surprising since â€Å"economic relationships always bear the imprint of powerful states†, what is admirable is how America successfully utilised its political and economic interests and the tools – building institutions, managing monetary policy, and forging security alliances – to open the world economy. Ikenberry attributes hegemonic success to political and economic leadership that allowed America to resist temptations of protectionism, colonialism and isolationism. Global domination and leadership, by allowing America’s political-economic partners to prosper, assured security and economic prosperity despite distractions of domestic politics and international security. This strategic interdependence amongst America’s allies, in Europe and Japan, led to winning the Cold War. In answer, Ikenberry proposes two questions: first, how important is stable and non-competitive great power relations; and second, America’s willingness, as the world’s only superpower, to underwrite global

Public sector management and governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Public sector management and governance - Essay Example For example market-type mechanisms like contract giving. New public management also includes high emphasis on performance, maximization of outputs and great level of customer orientation. New public management developments include several economic, political, social and technological factors. Countries that adopt new public management are found to be witnessing fiscal and economic crises. This has resulted in the attempts to increase efficiency and reduce the cost of providing public services. The crisis encountered by the welfare state created several doubts about the role and institutional nature of the state. In many developing countries, developments in public administration and management have been accelerated by external pressures. Moreover, these reforms have happened in the background of structural adjustment programs. Other factors of new public management developments include pre-eminence of neoliberal ideas that existed in the late 1970s and the deployment of efficient int ernational management advisors and consultants on various reforms. Other factors in new public management include the development of information technology. For developing countries, new public management developments include great emphasis on proper governance and lending conditions. Earlier, new public management was considered as a phenomenon of developed countries, typically Anglo-Saxon, phenomenon. In the 1990s we have seen applications of different alternative of new public management practices in few developing economies and transitional economies. Downsizing and user fees are introduced in several countries, for example African countries. These activities are related to different structural adjustment works. Autonomous agencies included in the public sector are formed in certain countries. For example, the autonomous hospitals in Sri Lanka, Ghana and Zimbabwe. In Uganda and Ghana we found the hiving-off of excise and customs and revenue divisions to create executive agencies . Performance contracting as well as contracting out have been the major policy options in different crisis states. Contracting out has been considered as a tool to develop SOEs, state-owned enterprises. This provided more operational freedom to SOE managers while making them responsible for the performance of the enterprises. Grants, sanctions and rewards are implemented for the performance enhancement of enterprises. Performance contracts are introduced in different sectors like agriculture, transport and telecommunication. Countries like India, Bolivia and Ghana have implemented this. Contracting out is put into practice in the various sectors. Delivery of public services including road maintenance, waste management, laundry services, catering services, health services and other urban services are contracted out. In Zimbabwe we find the contracting out of different public services. Even though the adoption of new public management practices appear to be beneficial in certain case s, they have certain limitations to be applied in come crisis states. In Brazil and few other African countries new public management have brought cost savings while contracting out public works like road maintenance. However these techniques bring certain limitations in few states. The inefficiency of new public management in such countries reveals that there are institutional problems and other issues that

Analysis Of A Balanced Scorecard In Dell

Analysis Of A Balanced Scorecard In Dell Dell is a computer vendor operating online but utilising a retail presence. Their strategy involves specialising in giving the users a choice in what software and specifications they want on their computer. Their target customers are mainly home and business users as they specialise in business laptops as well as home media laptops. Their market segment is the computer vendor market. This segment is occupied by companies such as HP, Lenovo and Acer. In terms of market position, Dell is ranked around third in the PC vendor market with a market share of 10.5%. Competitors Lenovo and HP currently lead Dell in the market with 15.7% and 15.5% respectively (Gartner, 2012). Customers Appendix A. is the customer section of the scorecard Dell wants to become the biggest vendor of computers in the market and the only way theyre going to achieve that is by increasing their market share. Offering discounts would increase their sales and pricing their products more competitively would a similar effect; however this would adversely affect their per unit profit. On-time deliveries relates directly to the customers experience when ordering with Dell. If their computer arrives a week later than expected, theyll leave Dell negative feedback which will affect their customer service reputation, so its vital that they improve their delivery system as much as possible. Although its motivational, offering cash incentives for staff increases the staff expenditure for the year. I chose the number of customer returns to measure the quality of their products because well made products wont result in excessive customer returns. Improved staff training will result in less errors and better product reliability. The only faults in the products would be coming from the specific components, which can be replaced. The number of customer complaints relates to the quality of their customer service. This measure can also be used in conjunction with product launches to find faults in these products. There are limitations on how much they can improve their customer service. Staff retraining (whether its in customer service or in sales) costs a lot of time and money which could affect their financial statements. Financial Appendix B. is the financial section of the scorecard I chose sales growth by segment because it links in with Dells overall plan to take advantage of potential sales in different segments by enabling us to find out where specific sales patterns are occurring. An improvement of 10% seems a bit high but that takes into consideration the anticipation for Windows 8 as well as Dells plans to introduce new touch screen devices. Residual income is the difference between the companys profits and the charge for the use of capital within the business. It represents a good measure of the profitability of the company because it takes the cost of capital into account, something which gross profit margin wouldnt do. Inventory turnover is the rate at which inventory is sold and replaced over time. The target for this figure should be high because Dell specialises in using Just in Time production techniques to minimise their inventory holding, selling it more quickly. A limitation is that production could yield a higher error rate. This could result in more customer returns which would reflect negatively on their customer service. I chose return on invested capital as the performance measure for capital utilisation because it calculates the level of profit their investments generate. It also takes long term debts into account which gives us a better idea of how the profits cover those long term debts. Learning and Growth Appendix C. is the learning and growth section of the scorecard If Dell spends more money on their staff training then the staff will feel more invested than if they were trained for a short period of time. This would link in with their objective of making sure the employees are well trained and professional in their jobs. The only problem with implementing this is that it could easily run up the cost which could adversely affect their financial performance. In order to measure job satisfaction, Dell can use employee turnover which would give them a target to work towards (reducing employee turnover). By offering incentives such as bonuses or perks of the job they can reduce employee turnover however that runs the risk of increasing the cost of their employee wage and salaries budget. Customer surveys would be useful for finding out what new features are desired, whats wrong with the old products or product pricing. Surveys are cheap and cost effective, however they need to offer an incentive otherwise people wont do the survey. Changes to the market mean that Dell need to introduce new available technologies. Reviews and ratings are a suitable measure for this because of their critical nature. However they have to increase the RD budget in order to find out what technologies are practical. Internal Business Processes Appendix D. is the internal business process section of the scorecard Creditor days is a useful measure of improving credit terms with their suppliers since it shows us how long they have to pay them. The target to increase this amount was chosen because Dell is experiencing a low point in sales (during the last month or two). So improved credit terms can help them while theyre experiencing this difficulty. The problem with increasing creditor days is that doing this over a long term will result in working capital problems for them. By measuring the CO2 emissions, Dell can find out how well theyre doing in their global emission reductions. Utilising renewable energy sources can help towards this and improve their reputation. The only limitation is that the transition to renewable energy is a slow process which is contrary to the usual short term-ism of objectives. Energy efficiency is a good measure for how energy efficient the businesses operations are and using a survey to find out how to improve the business operations isnt going to pose a problem. In order to measure the level of recycled products, the rate at which they recycle and reuse (Dell, 2012) products is a useful tool for this purpose. With a 100% rate they can improve their environmental impact and appeal to more green-conscious customers. Critical Analysis of the Balanced Scorecard Benefits The balanced scorecard doesnt solely focus on short term goals in the business; its used to measure the success of a business in achieving long term objectives. This is good because it gives them a long term goal to work towards, taking into account all the other aspects of the business. As stated by Kaplan and Norton (1992) the scorecard puts strategy and vision, not control, at the center. It establishes goals but assumes that people will adopt whatever behaviors and take whatever actions are necessary to arrive at those goals. The measures are designed to pull people toward the overall vision. It measures performance as a whole instead of measuring performance on a departmental level. This is better than traditional management tools because it highlights what parts of the business are linked with each other. If one side is performing badly then all sides (and their goals) will suffer. Difficulties NÃ ¸rreklit argues: During the planning stage the measure variables may be benchmarked against those of the competition, but the scorecard does not presuppose any continuous observation of competitors actions and results or the monitoring of technological developments, which means that the focus of the model is static rather than dynamic (NÃ ¸rreklit, H. 2000). This poses a problem to Dell as theyre in a highly technological sector where they have to stay on top of new developments, so having a strategic model which is too static is counterproductive. The model also focuses on external commitment with employees. NÃ ¸rreklit states that: the employees will try to reach good results in the areas measured, but this will be to the detriment of other elements which may be important, too. It should be noted, however, that this problem is even greater if, as has traditionally been the case, only financial measures are used. (NÃ ¸rreklit, H. 2000). If the employees are focused on meeting the targets set out by the measures, theyll become too goal orientated and wont see the bigger picture of an objective. Conclusion The Balanced scorecard is an effective tool for setting strategic goals and finding out how we can measure their achievement. The problem with the static nature of the table is fairly significant however I believe that this can be rectified by keeping track of technological changes and monitoring competitors strategies. This can be done by studying their product releases or by looking at their expansion into other territories. The scorecard has its advantages in the sense that it avoids the typical short term goals that most managers aspire to achieve. With a focus on long term goals it allows the business to predict future changes to the market, changes that theyll have to adapt to. Word count: 1,500 References Bowhill, B. (2008) Business Planning and Control: Integrating Accounting, Strategy and People. Chichester: John Wiley Sons Ltd. Dell. (2012). Dells Commitment to Zero Waste. .Available : http://content.dell.com/us/en/corp/d/corp-comm/cr-earth-reduce-reuse-recycle.aspx. Last accessed 09th Nov 2012. Forbes. (2012). DELL INC (NASDAQ:DELL) Ratios and Returns. Available: http://finapps.forbes.com/finapps/jsp/finance/compinfo/Ratios.jsp?tkr=DELL. Last accessed 09th Nov 2012. Gartner. (2012). Gartner Says Worldwide PC Shipments Declined 8 Percent in Third Quarter of 2012 as the Market Prepares for the Launch of Windows 8 . Available: http://www.gartner.com/it/page.jsp?id=2194017. Last accessed 09th Nov 2012. Kaplan, R. S., Norton, D. P. (1992). The balanced scorecard-measures that drive performance. Harvard business review, 70 (1), 71-79. Norreklit, H. (2000). The balance on the balanced scorecard a critical analysis of some of its assumptions. Management accounting research. 11 (1), 65-88.

Under Milk Wood ? The Voices :: essays research papers

Under milk wood is a radio play written by Dylan Thomas, it tells the story of a day in the life of a small town called Llareggub. The play is set in the 1950’s, and it has two narrators, called Voice 1 and Voice 2, which act as dramatic devices and move the play along in space and time. The Voices give poetry to the play by giving the listener Thomas’s view of the town. The two voices are Thomas’s opportunity to act as a guide to Llareggub. He uses the Voices throughout the play, the first Voice starts and ends the play, the characters seem to interact with the voices, and for example the characters often finish off lines that the voices started. One example of this is in the introduction of Mr Pugh, the retired school teacher. First voice: â€Å"Mr Pugh† Mr Pugh: â€Å"remembers ground glass as he juggles his omelette† It does the same thing further down the page when it says, First Voice: â€Å"Mrs Pugh† Mrs Pugh: â€Å"nags the salt cellar† The Voices also build a relationship with the listener, they seem to be trustworthy and to have a sense of humour, and this helps the listener to learn about the characters and to understand the town. An example of this could be found in the prologue when the First Voice addresses the listener personally by saying â€Å"Only your eyes are unclosed† and again when it says â€Å"And you alone can hear the invisible starfall†. The effect of this makes the listener feel like the Voices are talking to them alone. The Voice also seems to invite the listener into the town, when it tells usâ€Å" Hush, the babies are sleeping† it then goes into a string of images about the people of the town: â€Å"the farmers, the fishers, the tradesmen and pensioners, cobbler, schoolteacher, postman and publican†. Strings of images convey very strong feelings and can get across the atmosphere of a place very well. This particular string of images is telling the listener all the people in the town who is asleep. The effect of it is the Voice becoming friendlier with the listener and telling him/her about the town and its people. The play has many poetic effects, which are mostly used by the Voices, Alliteration is used often to add depth to Thomas’s descriptions. An example of alliteration in the play is when the first voice is talking about Bessie Bighead when she’s asleep, the voice says â€Å"sleep until the night sucks out her soul and spits it into the sky† Thomas seems to be using wet sucking sounds for the lonely old lady.

Legal perspective on Human Trafficking

Hence, â€Å"censorship† would be referred as an act, policy, decree to censor the Eddie. Censorship has always take an important role in history that deemed to suppress freedom of expression across different era. Early signs of censoring could be traced back into ancient societies. For instance, following the well-known story of Socrates being sentenced to drink poison during Greek empire, the Romans has treated censorship as an honorable task and recognized Its importance In shaping individual characteristics.On the other hand, looking Into the current China, there Is no surprise that the 1st China censorship law can be recorded as early as DADDY. Censorship is served for different purposes across the time-line of human 1 5th century, which is in contrast towards another purpose of enhancing the influence of Soviet Socialist Republic in Russian empire during 20th century. Its reasoning could be depending on nature of authority and its relation with citizens as well as the va lues of society itself.Despite the past is shadowed by censorship, demagnification of societies in modern days have become the cornerstone in realizing freedom of expressions. Countries in northern Europe, such as Sweden are frontiers that has made attempt to abolish censorship through introducing a law that guarantees freedom of press in 1766, which followed by Denmark-Norway in 17708. Meanwhile, the enforcement of first Amendment of the Constitution of the United States (1787) is regarded as the root of the comprehensive protection on freedom of expressions.However, in Malaysia context, censorship has remained upon today as important tools to 1 Oxford University Press, Oxford Advance Learner's Dictionary (7th Eden, POP 2005) 237. 2 Oxford, Oxford Advance Learner's Dictionary (n 1) 3 Meet Newt, ‘The long history of censorship' (Beacon for freedom, 2010) accessed November 2013. 4 Newt, ‘The long history of censorship' (n 3) 5 ibid 6 Army . Taft, ‘Censorship of film , broadcast and Internet' (Bibliophile Alexandrine, 2004) accessed 26 October 2013. Newt ‘The long history of censorship' (n 3); Sheldon S. Woolen, Politics and Vision: Continuity and Innovation in Western Political Thought (Princeton University Press, 2004) 8 Newt ‘The long history of censorship' (n 3) 9 ibid control and regulate various media to ensure there is no illicit materials to be spread among society. As a result, various Free Speech institutions have regarded Malaysia s a low scorer in freedom of expression.In fact, extensive censorship legislations are still enforced to regulate the As a result, various Free Speech institutions have regarded Malaysia as a low scorer in freedom of information received 1 . Due to large variety of media available, this assignment would only focus on evaluating the censorship restrictions on printing press and publication in Malaysia, particularly books, articles and printed news. Assessment will be conducted in basis of the exte nt of power, conflicts with freedom of expression as well as it effect on affected businesses. 0 Censorship in Malaysia Malaysia has fallen by 23 places to its historical lowest of 14th in 2013 because the access to information has becoming more and more limited. Within the Printing press and publication industry in Malaysia (Refer 3. 0), related parties would be subjected to few legislations enacted by government to administer the (PAPA) (Act 301) is a direct legal enforcement specifically implemented for printed media. Besides that, Sedition Act 1948 are frequently applied when dealing with dispute of censorship in printed media.On the other hand, freedom of expression offered in Judicial systems is available under Article 10 in Constitution of Malaysia. 2. 1 Printing Presses and Publication Act 1984 (Act 301) (PAPA) Its former self is known as Printing Ordinance 1948, which is introduced by British colonial government into Malaysia during the beginning of state of emergency to co unteract the threat on the establishment arising from the Communist activities 3.Subsequently, the act becomes Printing Presses and publication act at year 1971 via amendments and incorporation of Imported Publications Act 1958 (Act 63) to prevent the provocation of racial sensitivities after the race riots 0 Freedom House, ‘Malaysia' (Freedom House, 2012) accessed 22 October 2013 1 1 Article 19, Malaysia: Joint submission to the UN universal periodic review' (Article 19, 11 March 2013) accessed 12 October 2013 12 Reporters without borders, ‘2013 World press freedom index: dashed hopes after spring' (Reporters without borders, 2013) accessed 22 October 2013 13 Jimmy, ‘The Printing Presses and Publications Act 1984 (PAPA)' (CUE, 25 September 2010) accessed 10 October 2013 14 ibid of 196914. Further amendments are made to enhance the power of legislation and become today's Printing Presses and Publication Act 1984 (Act 301). The general purpose of the act is punitive measure to public immaturity, potential racial conflict, and national security.It has reconciled the use of printing process, the printing, production, reproduction and distribution of publications, and the importation of publication from abroad 5. Within the Act, there are few notable sections that greatly expand the power of censorship as well as the responsibility of Minister, which are shown as below: Figure 1: Assessment on specific proviso in PAPAYA Section 3 – internal security Minister (Minister of home affairs) has absolute secretion in granting or refuses; revoke or suspended a license at any time and reasons, for a limited period. The common practices under this section are to issue license annually. Along with granting a license, minister may impose additional conditions such as deposits, which may be forfeited when an offence under the Act is committed.Section AAA – Juridical parties do not have any powers in questioning the decisions made by minister. Se ction 7(1)- Home Affairs Minister has the qualification to ban the publication of any book. The provision does not provide a clear and objective reasons on possible bans: publication which he is satisfied contains any article, caricature, photograph, report, notes, writing, sound, music, statement or any other thing which is likely to be prejudiced to public order, morality, security, the relationship with any foreign country or government, or which is likely to alarm public opinion, or which is likely to be contrary to any law or is otherwise prejudicial or is likely prejudicial to public interest or national interest. 5 caps, Media Freedom (CAPS, 3 June 2013) accessed 21 October 2013 16 corny, ‘The Printing Presses and Publications Act 1984 (n 13) Article 8(1) – minister had the secretion to define offences through classifying it as publishing malicious â€Å"false news†. Action will take on any press outlet or publication when their writings are deemed as not taking â€Å"reasonable measures† to verify the truth of the news. Article 8 has been used frequently on critics, which successfully invoked against, 1998 – Limit Guan Eng (from TAP), for his criticism of the statutory rape case involving former Malice Chief Minister, Ihram Thumb Chick. 2003 – Irene Fernando (activist), for exposing the maltreatment of illegal migrant workers in detention camps. However the conviction was overturned on technicality in 2008 2005 – Khalid's Safari, who authored the book 50 Dali Meaning Inward Taiga Bole Jade PM 2. Malaysian Sedition Act 1948 The Sedition Act is enacted along with PAPA in 1948, serving similar purposes with PAPAYA. It is deemed to be copy of Sir James Stephens definition of what is and what is not seditious during British collaborations. Despite the communist insurgency has ended, but the Sedition Act continues to be used with full force today. As the 513 incident occurred in 1969, amendments were made throu gh Emergency Ordinance 971 to criminals any doubts noon: Part Ill (on citizenship), Article 152 (on national language), Article 153 (on the special positions of the Malay and the rights of other races) and Article 181 (the Rulers' sovereignty) of the Federal Constitution.Theoretically, sedition should be defined as the crime of revolting or inciting revolt against government or support for an enemy of a country during war time through speeches, publications or 17 curry, ‘The sedition Act 1948' (CUE, 25 September 2010) 10 October 2013 18 Adman, ‘The Sedition Act (1948)' Malaysia Today (Malaysia, 23 May 2013) accessed 21 October 013 19 Jellybean Anthony, ‘Seditious tendency? : political patronizing of free October 2013 20 US legal, ‘Sedition law & legal definition' (US legal, 2013) accessed 11 October 2013 organizational, but sedition does includes conspires to disrupt the legal operation of the government, protest government policy and is beyond expression of an opinion. However, the act is known to favors the prosecutor; meanwhile, many restrictions are imposed on freedom of expression, particularly regarding sensitive political issues. Notably, seditious would not Just to be deemed as a legal but also a lattice issue.Figure 2: Proviso extracts from Sedition Act 194822 In Section 3, seditious tendency is referred as: – to bring into hatred or contempt or to excite disaffection against any Ruler or government. – to seek alteration other than by lawful means of any matter by law established. – to bring hatred or contempt to the administration of Justice in the country – to raise discontent or disaffection amongst the subjects – to promote ill-will and hostility between races or classes to question the provisions of the Constitution dealing with language, citizenship, the special privileges of the Malay and of the natives of Saba and Karakas and the sovereignty of the rulers. In Section 4(1), it covers th e: -preparation of an action, which would have â€Å"a seditious tendency'. Speech and the printing, publishing, selling (or offering for sale), distribution, reproduction or importation of seditious materials. 2. 3 Freedom of Expression under Article 10 of the Federal Constitution of Malaysia As extracted: Figure 3: Extract of Article 1023 1 . Subject to Clauses (2), (3) and (4) † (a) every citizen has the right to freedom of speech and expression; (b) all citizens eave the right to assemble peaceably and without arms; (c) all citizens have the right to form associations. 21 Adman, ‘The sedition Act (1948)' (n 18) 22 corny, ‘The sedition Act 1948' (n 17) 23 Jimmy, ‘Article 10 of the Federal Constitution' (CUE, 24 September 2013) accessed 10 October 2013 2.Parliament may by law impose † on the rights conferred by paragraph (a) of Clause (1), such restrictions as it deems necessary or expedient in the interest of the security of the Federation or any pa rt thereof, friendly relations with other countries, public order or morality and extinctions designed to protect the privileges of Parliament or of any Legislative Assembly or to provide against contempt of court, defamation, or incitement to any offence; on the right conferred by paragraph (b) of Clause (1), such restrictions as it deems necessary or expedient in the interest of the security of the Federation or any part thereof, or public order; on the right conferred by paragraph (c) of Clause (1), such restrictions as it deems necessary or expedient in the interest of the security of the Federation or any part thereof, public order or morality. 1) may also be imposed by any law relating to labor or education. 4. In imposing restrictions in the interest of the security of the Federation or any part thereof or public order under Clause (2) (a), Parliament may pass law prohibiting the questioning of any matter, right, status, position, privilege, sovereignty or prerogative establi shed or protected by the provisions of Part Ill, Article 152, Article 153 or Article 181 otherwise than in relation to the implementation thereof as may be specified in such law. Dry.Shad Salem Affair stated that the ‘freedom' under this article is fairly weak, armorial due to â€Å"Sensitive Matters Amendment†24 that allowed parliament to enforce restrictions on eight grounds – ‘public order, national security, incitement and offence, friendly relations with other states, contempt of court, contempt of Parliament, defamation, morality'25. From other perspective, it is perceived that ‘freedom' has already been weakened during drafting stage, which subsequently failed to ensure any restriction imposed on fundamental liberties are ‘reasonable' inside the final drafted. 24 ibid (n 23) 25 Shad Salem affair, ‘Much to cheer in book ban decision' The Star (Malaysia, 10 February 2010) accessed 22 October 2013 26 Jimmy, ‘Article 10 of the Fed eral Constitution' (n 23) 2. 4 Analysis: violation on freedom of expression caused by censorship The implementation of PAPA is mainly used in dealing with licensing of publications.Under this act, much discretion power has been given to the minister to administer the contents that are allowed to be published. Although implementation of licensing on print media do not breach freedom of expression under international laws, but it is subjected to criteria below: 1 . There is no discretion to refuse license, once the requisite information has been revived; 2. The system does not impose substantive conditions upon the print media; 3. The system is not excessively onerous; and 4. The system is administered by a body which is independent of government. Obviously, PAPA are not qualified to meet criteria above as referred to its section 3, 7(1), 9(1) and AAA.International law would also allow restrictions on freedom of expression, yet it only applicable under conditions that such restriction s are provided by law, whereby the law should be accessible and not excessively vague. In contrast with international laws, Centre of independence Journalism (CUE) expressed that many he international test regarding restrictions on freedom of expression. Figure 4: International test on Sedition Act 194830 Firstly, the crime of sedition in Malaysia is extremely ambiguous to meet the standard. Both â€Å"sedition† and â€Å"seditious tendency' are loosely defined and subjective terms such as â€Å"hatred†, â€Å"contempt†, â€Å"discontent†, â€Å"feelings of ill-will† and â€Å"disaffection† are used without any precise definition.Secondly, in legitimacy test states that restrictions are only permitted on basis of fundamental right for the purpose of protecting certain aims, namely the rights or petitions of 28 Toby Mendel, Restricting Freedom of Expression: Standards and Principles (Centre for Law and Democracy, 16 September 2010) accessed 25 October 2013 29 Article 19, ‘Memorandum on the Malaysian sedition act 1948' (Article 19, July 2003) accessed 1 November 2013 30 Jimmy, ‘The Sedition Act 1948' (n 17); Article 19, ‘Memorandum on the Malaysian sedition act 1948' (n 29) others, national security or public order (order public), or public health or morals. Restrictions merely based on incidentally effect one of the legitimate aims listed would be regarded as insufficient. Lastly, for the necessity test, restrictions only can be permitted on legitimate objectives, which needs to be proportionate to outweighs the harms on freedom of expression or Justified by the benefits accrued.There should be no rational relationships found between maintaining the public order and the crime of sedition. In fact, public order could suffers when governments are shielded from criticism. In short, both Sedition Act and PAPA are crowned with considerable power to administer printed media as it's granted with excessive di scretion and its border of supremacy is further expanded with the supports from ambiguous proviso. The restrictions imposed in Malaysia are mainly targeted at the freedom of expression, unlike the international practices of restricting the restrictions that restrict the freedom of expression. Unfortunately, Article 10 does not voice out the ‘true' freedom as it is bound to restrictive measure that stipulated in so, 3 and 431.Observations show that the statements applied in these provisions share a similarity to what was written in Sedition Act. As a result, both Sedition Act and PAPA do not conflict with the constitution of Article 10, which make both legislations are legally Just in dealing tit freedom of expression. However, the legally equitable would only remain within the plain text of legislation. Proof. Dry. Andrew Aerie stated that mainstream media, such as print media have failed in their roles to inform and educate the public as well as interrogating the powered, whi ch basically caused by the ‘equitable' Sedition Act and PAPA. He further stated that civilized society recognize human beings as sentinels who are by authoritarian laws.Malaysia's authoritative censorship have been infamous across internationals, treated as an infringement against the motto of United Nation (UN) charter and the f the Federal Constitution' (n 23) 31 corny, ‘Article 10 32 Borneo post, ‘Abolish printing press and publication act' (Borneo Post, 1 April 2011) accessed 18 October 2013 33 Borneo post, ‘Abolish printing press and publication act' (n 2) 34 Lee shih-Ian, ‘UN tells Malaysia to abolish death penalty, respect religious practices and human rights' The Malaysian Insider (Malaysia, 25 October 2013) accessed 1 November 2013 35 Lee shih-Ian (n 34) universal declaration of human right. Prime Minister has been urged by United States and other UN members to keep his promise in abolishing these restrictive laws. ) A political cartoonist Gull ible Inward Haste, also known as Suzan is frequent target of Home Affair Ministry for his political sensitive works. Police have seized dozens copies of his book on the accusation of â€Å"prejudicial to public order† under Sedition Catch. Several compilations of his cartoons are banned too under PAPA ruling.Suzan has attempted to counter-attack by filing a Judicial review along with Malaysian, but the High Court in Koala Lump upheld the ban in July 201137. Again, Suzan challenged the government on the Sedition Act in later years and unsurprisingly received a lost. II) Historically, the Sedition Act has been invoked on those critical of the government, including the capability to suspend members of parliament's parliamentary immunity. As recent as year 2009, the law has been one of the main measures used to arrest those opposed to the BAN takeover of the Perk state governmental. Ill) Journalists will be sentenced for publishing â€Å"false news† under PAPA, but if both PAPA and Sedition couldn't dampen criticism, officials can resort to curb it with very powerful Internal Security Act.Government claims it is encourage self-censorship among Journalists. V) In Memorandum by Malaysian Demanding Press Freedom 2010, 3 out of 8 major violation of Press Freedom in past 52 weeks are related to print media, which includes: 1) â€Å"Inaccurate Report† by â€Å"China Press† on ‘Gasp resignation, which is clarified that its retirement is at September. 2) A New Publication Guidelines for Newspapers are elaborated but ambiguously worded 36 Bob Dietz, ‘No Joke: Malaysian October 2013. 37 ibid (n 36) 38 Report without borders, ‘Another court sides with Malaysian government against political cartoonist' (IBEX, 12 November 2013) accessed 16 November 2013. 9 Jimmy, The sedition Act 1948†² (n 17) 40 Bob Dietz, ‘No Joke: Malaysian cartoonist stands up to government' (n 36) 41 Margin, ‘Stop political intervention, self- censorship in media industry' (Lira, 10 June 2010) accessed 3 November 2013 guidelines were framed as â€Å"self-regulation†. The newspapers were reportedly instructed not to cover news related to cohabitation, adultery, homosexuality, counter-culture; and no graphics of human genitalia and G-strings. 3) Confiscation of Books l) â€Å"Malaysian Maverick: Mathis Mohammad in Turbulent Times† were confiscated and anted for short periods, contends that the fourth prime minister was responsible for losses of OROMO billion during his term in office. II) â€Å"Where Is Justice† and â€Å"1 Funny Malaysia† – published by â€Å"Malaysian† while written and drawn by Suzan.Regardless of all these issues, courts' decisions and their interpretation on both legislations remained as the primary references in evaluating the extent of freedom of expression. Entities are often being charged under both PAPA and Sedition Act by the public prosecutor for any pr inted article that regarded as unacceptable. In the ease of Public Prosecutor v Pun Chin Chignon , where the supreme court held that â€Å"false news† will not be Justified under Section 8(1) if the accused are capable to prove its efforts in verifying the truth of the news. Otherwise, freedom of expression would be restricted under Article 10(2)(a) if breached against section 8(1). In a similar case of Deputy Public Prosecutor of Malaysia v.Irene Fernando, its publication of report entitled â€Å"Abuse, Torture and Diminished Conditions of Migrant Workers in Detention Centers† are charged under Section 8 (1) of PAPA as well. Mrs†¦ Urine's civil sights are restricted as the court condemned that the reports are providing maliciously false information. It is only to be reversed by High Court Judge Mohammad Panic All after the 13 years old court battle. Both cases have illustrated that extensive proofs are needed to escape from the restrictive measures raised by the prosecutor under PAPA. Besides that, in the case Limit Guan Eng v Public Prosecutor, the appellant (Limit Guan Eng) is charged under both PAPA and Sedition Act regarding two different issues.The ‘false news' distributed in the form of pamphlet is upheld by court as luscious information, due to the fact that 19941 MAMMAL 42 43 The public eye awards, ‘Irene Fernando' (The public eye awards, 2009) accessed 28 October 2013 44 Fide, ‘Ms. Irene Fernando finally acquitted! ‘ (fled, 25 November 2008) accessed judge has chosen the dictionaries that defined the key term ‘mangos debarkation' that in favors of Section 8(1). Besides, the court clarified that protection will not be accorded to anyone charged under the Sedition Act [Article 63(4)], which overthrown the Article 63 (1) & (2). Appellant are unable to rely on reasonable efforts in verifying the truth as the Judge relied on Record of Parliamentary Debates of the House of Representatives as admissible evid ence to ascertain this issue.For the charge on Sedition Act, appellant loses his ground as Judgment favors the statement of KIP Stanley Lie made, which is corroborated by two other police officer, Karri Budding and Inspector Look Yoke Choc. Appellant are not able to prove that statement as uncorroborated. It is key evidence in determining whether the appellant's speech contained seditious words regarding the non-prosecution of an ledge rape case involving Tan Sir Ihram Thumb Chick. According to Melanin bin Abdullah & Nor v Public Prosecutor, the case has illustrated a circumstances where the publisher has a clear sign of opposing both constitutions and sedition acts.Tutu's Namely as a newspaper publisher has published a talk given by prominent Malay leader and Member of Parliament with the sub-heading of ‘Abolish Tamil or Chinese medium schools in this country'. The outrageous statements, has breached several provisions that enacted to protect public order and racial stability . Without any dissent, the court held the news as editions under Sedition Act so(1)(f) in accordance with violation of Article 152 (l)(a) & (b). Besides that, Article 10 so is applicable in restricting the freedom of expression, which aligned with Article 152, Article 153 or Article 181 . 2. 5 Final Comments Although the legislations enacted does not define or express the term ‘censorship', but the practices conducted by the authorities are indeed exhibited the nature of censorship itself.

Mad About the Insanity Defence essays

Mad About the Insanity Defence essays Insanity, is it a game that criminals can play to get out of a death sentence, or is it actually a disease that effects certain people? Insanity has been a subject of debate for many years. The majority of people in the United States feel that there is just to great of a chance for someone to pretend they are mentally ill. Instead of having the mentally ill get the treatment they need a jury is sending them a way to spend the rest of their life behind bars or even to be executed. If someone cannot tell the difference between right and wrong then how can they be convicted of a crime if they didnt understand it was a crime? The insane need to be treated with psychiatric help and then need to be made into productive citizens. Perhaps if more of the criminally insane were treated, doctors might someday find away to stop the next Son of Sam from killing. What makes someone insane? Are they simple born like that or is it something that can happen over time? There are many different answers to this. One is that they are born mentally ill, another is brain tumors or injuries to the brain. One thing remains a fact though, that all criminals are not created equal and all punishments should not be the same. Indeed, there are countless levels of criminal activity that prove to land offenders in jail, with a percentage of those criminals committing their crimes under the duress of mental illness. These prisoners, while deserving of severe punishment, often do not have full control of their faculties. These orphans of society are often compelled by an emotional or mental imbalance that provokes them to act savagely toward their fellow human beings. One might assert the fact that what these disturbed individuals need is assisted treatment, not prison. Rafter (1997) discusses the subject of criminals being so badly abused in jails that mo st of them are killed by fellow inmates before their sentence is up. ...

Effective expository essay writing guide

Effective expository essay writing guide Expository essay If you want to create a good expository essay, you should follow the clear manual. Indeed, the definitions of the expository essay are rather ambiguous, and   students experience some difficulties with the successful completing of the task. Some of them confuse this task with the explanatory essay, but it is totally wrong approach since these assignments are different. We assure you that the following manual will become your effective assistant in the process of expository essay writing. Indeed, the expository essay writing implies using facts instead of opinions. The expository essay topics can be various; however, you should concentrate your attention purely on the facts rather than on your personal opinion. There is no place for reflection; you have to analyze the statistics, the existing views, and relevant arguments. It seems that this task is quite boring; however, it aims to discuss a particular topic to the smallest details. To get the best grades, you have to use only the relevant facts and opinions. All the evidence of the false information will help you to fail your grade. As you may understand, expository essays require only thorough work with the reputed and peer-reviewed sources. Such type of academic writing does not allow using the first person. Describing a certain process of activity, you have to choose the second person only. Such an essay, like many other types of essays, should follow the classic structure. It should include the introduction, the main body, and the conclusion. The introduction will briefly describe your topic. You should familiarize your reader with the problems discussed in your essay. Also, do not forget about a clear thesis statement. It is a controversial idea that will be proved throughout your essay with the help of the various arguments. Expository essay writing requires dividing your essay into several paragraphs according to the main ideas discussed in your essay. Each paragraph should start with a clear topic sentence that will be followed by the statistical, logical and factual analysis. Be creative! Even if you do not have to use the metaphorical language or personal opinions, try to impress your professor by the creative approach. You can include some interesting fact or unbelievable statistics to demonstrate that the topic is interesting to you. Exclude the obvious things. There is no need to fill your essay with the generally known information; your instructor expects to learn something new and interesting. Apply the rules mentioned above when writing your essay and your piece of writing will become a true example of expository essay writing art. Proofread your essay at the end of the writing process, because no matter how creative your content is, the numerous grammar mistakes will spoil your reputation. We assure you that all your classmates will use your expository essay as the source of inspiration. Expository Essay: Guidelines on Structure Is there any specific approach to writing an excellent expository essay? The most efficient method is to adhere to a standard type of five paragraphs in the text. Consequently, the whole paper will comprise approximately from 500 to 800 words. This typical standard for a test implies a proper length of writing accompanied with excellent ideas that will bring you to success. What are the five paragraphs? Introductory paragraph Body (paragraph 1) Body (paragraph 2) Body (paragraph 3) Conclusion Writing an outline is the best approach to starting an expository essay. Take into consideration all the factors before scribbling down the first line. Mention the first aspect and give a concise description, then go on to the next one, add the third and then conclude your ideas. Introductory Paragraph Your  thesis statement should be included here to summarize the main points and present the key argument coherently. Double check if all the guideless are met after you have written this sentence of major importance. Body (Three Paragraphs) Remember that transitions between the body paragraphs are as important as your presented ideas. The canvas of your essay is complete only is the threats of transitions make it stick together. The ideas should unfold logically and be presented clearly. Besides, it should be easy for the readers to follow the statements without any extra explanations. It is challenging to be consistent in writing without a well-written outline. It is the body that contains all the main ideas. The best method of working on the paper is limiting your paragraphs with one presented idea only. Present one, explain it thoroughly, and then resolve the problem going smoothly to the following one. As a result, what you get is a presentation of three ideas built up to the conclusion. Having presented any of your ideas, always make sure that they match the thesis statement. Any solid essay is based on the presented statistics and factual materials. You cannot just make the readers believe you if your opinion is not confirmed with facts, quotes from reliable sources, or numbers from articles. If your task is to work on an expository essay, it is frequently given as a spontaneous assignment in class. In that case, it is clear that you have no access to any outside materials or research. What you have to do is to think about clear arguments and base them on the facts you know about. Conclusion A concluding paragraph is not merely a restatement of the already presented ideas and thesis. Instead, it is a summarization of the key arguments done properly to clarify all the points for sure.   It is also a good idea to make a conclusion somewhat personal or add either a call to action or a rhetorical question addressed to the readers. Free Expository Essay Custom Essays Service Our main goal is to provide college and university students with high-quality essays and professional assistance in custom writing. We are glad to be among the top rated essay writing companies globally. We employ essay writers who are not only highly qualified but also talented and experienced enough to deal with all kinds of topics regardless of how complex they are. Our team of writers is comprised of individuals who are highly educated with postgraduate degrees, like PhD, Doctorate and Master’s degrees. The quality of our student essays is really exceptional; we deliver papers which meet the expectations of your tutors in all aspects. Our essay writers are committed to producing 100% custom written student essays We are able to realize this by conducting independent research for every research paper based on various sources. The whole process starts with writing paragraphs from scratch. Therefore, you can rest assured that our academic and non-academic pieces of writing are not pre-written or resold; they are totally authentic and plagiarism-free. What is more, our professional writers produce all papers using a creative approach in order to make them very interesting. Besides, there are no spelling or grammatical mistakes in the papers written by our writing experts. All your guidelines and instructions are strictly followed in order to provide you with an essay that complies with all your requirements. Our custom essay service is cheap and affordable for all learners. Apart from charging low prices, we offer our clients a wide range of discounts without lowering the quality of our papers. Do not pay high prices for services which you can get without overspending your budget. Buy custom pape rs at as we have fair rates. Writing custom dissertations is very taxing and boring. Essay writing takes a lot of time and effort. Moreover, you can devote all your time to carrying out your assignment and fail to produce a high-quality paper. Why then should you struggle and get average marks? Buy our professionally written papers with a guarantee of getting the highest grades. We have all the necessary skills and resources to assist you in getting excellent grades without much stress. So, get in touch with our writers now through email, online chat or by phone. Our organization has a very helpful and effective customer support team that is always ready to give you the best custom paper writing solutions. We are available 24/7/365 so as to help you achieve your academic success.

Analyzing Foreign Financial Statements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Analyzing Foreign Financial Statements - Essay Example This poses a problem for financial analysts who do not have access to a copy of the organization’s annual report (American Institute of CPAs, 2010). Language poses another problem for analysts looking to analyze foreign financial statements. Numerous global organizations do not generate financial reports in English, making it hard for analyses with English as their native languages (American Institute of CPAs, 2010). For example, the financial record could remain illegible until a possible translator is hired for assistance. Conveniently, many multinationals present their financial statements in their native languages and English ones as well. A third problem is currency. Non-dollar-pegged countries have firms that release their financial statements in their local currencies (Musher, Wilkins, and Shulman, 2012). An analyst from the United States or a dollar-pegged nation would find it cumbersome to convert all entries into dollars for better analysis. Converting all balances at the exchange rate at the closing of the present fiscal year is tiresome, but a solution nonetheless (American Institute of CPAs, 2010). For example, fail ing to use the existing current exchange rate will distort the analyst’s work. To avoid distortion, analyzing the foreign financial statement using ratios improves the outcome irrespective of the currency applied (American Institute of CPAs, 2010). A third problem is terminology. Different countries use different words of the same language to compose their financial records. For instance, the United Kingdom usually uses the word turnover to refer to sales in the United States. In instances of convenience conversions, companies occasionally include terminology that English analysts are not used to (Musher et al., 2012). In this case, the analyst is forced to be versant with foreign trade and accounting diction to help alleviate this issue. For instance, in 2005, differences in the UK and US terminology in

Quiz 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Quiz 2 - Essay Example Save the attachment (.doc) or copy and paste the quiz and the answer sheet to your word processor. Enter your answers directly  into your word processor version. When you have finished entering your answers, save your answers to your computer (always keep a copy of your work).   To submit your quiz, please go to your Assignments Folder and click on the tab for QUIZ 2. Copy and paste your quiz answers into the text box and click on "Submit For Grading." (Attachments are acceptable but try copying and pasting first, let attachments be your last resort). Using the Rich Text Editor (RTE) will help preserve the formatting of your answer sheet; consult the Help Desk if you need help with installing or using the RTE. (In the upper right-hand corner of your screen, see Options, then Account Preferences to enable the RTE.) If you have any questions please contact WebTycho support line! Q. 1 – 30: Objective-Type Questions (2 points per question) Please use alphabet answers where app licable. 1. C 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. D 6. C 7. D 8. D 9. A 10. D 11. D 12. D 13. B 14. E 15. D 16. C 17. B 18. B 19. C 20. A 21. FALSE 22. TRUE 23. FALSE 24. FALSE 25. FALSE 26. TRUE 27. TRUE 28. TRUE 29. FALSE 30 TRUE Essay Questions (10 points each). Choose and answer only four (4) essay questions. If you answer more than four, only the first four will be graded. Essay #1 There are 6 categories of leucocytes in the human body. These are as listed below together with their roles: a. Eisinophil- Are tasked with the responsibility to handle all parasitic infections alongside hives, allergic reactions, asthma and hay fever. b. Basophil- release a chemical recognized as histamine which has a response to both antigen and allergic threat that might cause inflammation in the body. c. Neutrophil- are the first one responsible for fighting any potential microbial infection whether bacterial or fungal and any type of diseases. d. Monocyte- Perform the functions of a 'vacuum cleaner' by collecting pathogens pieces in the blood and allows the T cells to destroy them. They flow throughout the blood stream removing debris of dead cells current in the blood. e. B-Lymphocytes- Binds the pathogens thus, destroying them as well as produce antibodies. f. T-lymphocytes- They destroy the tumors and viruses infected body cells. The typical process of phagocytosis occurs when the cell changes shape and sends out projections known as pseudopodia. This process is a non-specific body defense mechanism in which the various phagocytes engulf and destroy the disease causing microorganisms (Campbell & Reece, 2002). The pseudo-pods are the ones that engulf the microorganisms. The intruder in this case is the microorganism and the type of leucocytes that destroys it is the white blood cells. Essay #2 Characteristics of veins Characteristics of arteries Have thin membrane walls Have slightly thicker membrane walls Carry deoxygenated blood Carry oxygenated blood Less elastic than arteries More ela stic than veins Blood flows through them under low pressure Blood flows through them under high pressure Have larger lumens than arteries Have smaller lumens as compared to veins Essay #3 a. Calcium and Potassium. b. The skeletal system provides the body with its basic framework, as well as the structure. It also aides in the safeguard of the human body as well as in enabling easy movement of the body parts. Looking at a skeleton sometimes might be scary but, it is one of the

Forms of business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Forms of business - Essay Example There are no consultations involved in the decision making process. Moreover, tax preparation process is very easy since the business is not taxed separately and the tax rates are lowest of the business structures. According to Pride, Hughes & Kapoor (2012), owners of the business are always free to mix business or personal assets. Unfortunately, sole proprietorship involves unlimited personal liability since there is no legal separation between the owner and the business. The owner of a business can be held responsible for the debts and obligations of the business and the risk extends to any liability incurred by employee actions. Raising capital for sole proprietor is always not easy because stock in the business cannot be sold and the investors cannot invest in them. Additionally, sole proprietorship seldom survive the death or disability of the owners Partnership Partnership involves relationship between two or more people coming together on a trade and every person contributes m oney, property, labor, or skills. It is also worth noting that every partner shares in the profits and losses and as much as it is strongly recommended, it is regarded very risky to operate without. There are three types of partnership arrangements including general partnerships, limited partnerships, and joint ventures. General partnership requires that profits, liability and management issues are equally divided amongst the partners and incase of unequal distribution, the proportion set is documented in the partnership agreement (Pride, Hughes & Kapoor, 2012). On the other hand the limited partnership enables partners to have limited liability d input as far as management decisions are concerned and the limits are based on each partner’s investment portion. Finally, the joint venture work almost like the general partnership but is always active for a short period or may be for a single project. Partners include their individual share of income or loss on their personal tax returns and their taxes generally are annual return of income, employment tax, and estimated tax. Partnership involves shared financial commitment due to the advantage of pooling resources to obtain capital and this may help in securing credit. Furthermore, partnership involves complementary skills derived from the partners’ strengths, resources, and expertise. Partnership may also attract highly motivated and qualified employees due to incentives such as offering opportunity to employees to become members. However, joint and individual liability acts as a disadvantage where partners are liable for their own actions and for business, debts, and decisions made by other partners and the personal assets for partners may be used to satisfy the partnership debts. Decision making process may also not be easy exposing partners to disagreements amongst partners. Corporation Corporation is a complex form of business and is an independent legal entity that is owned by shareholders and is held legally liable for the actions and debts of the business. Incorporating corporations is very costly due to the administration fees, complex tax and the legal requirements making it suitable for established and large companies. According to Pride, Hughes & Ka

Media Convergence Essay Example for Free

Media Convergence Essay What is meant by the term media convergence with regard to technology, and how has it affected everyday life? For technology, media convergence is when different media come together to do a similar task. The poster child for this is the smart phone. Smart phones are used to talk, text, email, social network, school, business, web browsing, and take picture and video. There are things that I’m sure I missed, but the smart phone has become the epicenter of technological convergence. I spend a lot of my time on my phone posting and promoting for my business. I make jewelry, cat pads, and blankets so I make my items, take a picture, post it to my Etsy page, and promote my store with my phone. When I get an order, I get an email to my phone I contact the buyer for details, and take payments all with my phone. With going to school, I need to check up on the forums to read and respond per class requirements. It makes it easy to do my schoolwork when I’m not home at my laptop. I can pull up the reading for the class on my document reader on my phone and catch up while I’m out and about. I have a six month old and I love taking his picture! I take his picture and post it on Facebook, Instagram, and send it to my family. My family lives in another state so I use my phone to do FaceTime with them so we can see each other all the time. The smartphone has made productivity so much easier because it’s all in one place and instant gratification is satisfied. For some people, the smartphone has become a big distraction and a burden. I think that cell phones, in general, have done damage to people’s grammar and spelling. They use shorthand and abbreviations for words and have forgotten the rule of your and you’re because they are using the shorthand ur. It’s sad.

Business Strategies Of Mc Donalds Marketing Essay

Business Strategies Of Mc Donalds Marketing Essay The main objective of a business strategy is to provide superior value, differentiation, and core competencies for a company that has clear missions, goals and objectives that are important and necessary to the strategic formulation of a company. The mission is a quality definition of who the company is and what it expects to accomplish, further defined by goals and objectives. Goals are directly linked with the mission and are general statements of desirable outcomes. Objectives are goals or purpose with specific targets and time periods. We will further discuss in detail of how these missions, goals and objectives are so important in the formulation of Business strategy. Strategic management The way in which employees are managed to maximize the potential of achieving business objectives is called Strategic Management. It has a very positive impact on a business and can significantly improve its growth only if Strategic management is effectively used. It is all about formulating strategies and the key to making it work for the business. McDonalds McDonalds is the leading global foodservice retailer with more than 31,000 local restaurants serving more than 58 million people in 118 countries each day. More than 75% of McDonalds restaurants worldwide are owned and operated by independent local men and women primarily selling the world some of its favorite foods World Famous Fries, Hamburgers (Big Mac, Quarter Pounder, etc), Chicken McNuggets, Egg McMuffin, milkshakes, hot drinks, desserts and most recently also offer salads and fruits. Their rich history began with our founder, Ray Kroc. The strong foundation that he built continues today with McDonalds vision and the commitment of our talented executives to keep the shine on McDonalds Arches for years to come. The History of McDonalds The McDonalds restaurant chain of today began its humble beginnings in a renovated barbecue car-hop restaurant in San Bernardino, California by two brothers, Richard and Maurice McDonald. Dick and Mac left their Manchester, New Hampshire home and headed to California for work after graduating from high school. Mac and Dick borrowed $5000.00 and opened a barbecue drive-in close to a high school in 1940. They hired attractive carhops and offered a menu of 29 items. Business boomed. Families came for the low prices and teens came to check out the carhops. By 1947, the restaurant was losing business. Families were getting more concerned about their finances and the teens seemed to be more interested in hanging out than in purchasing food. Dick and Mac took notice of these changes in clientele and noticed hamburgers made up 80% of all food sales. They decided to close the restaurant and reorganize. The restaurant was reopened in mid December of 1948 as the first self-service, assembly line, and drive-in offering 15 cent hamburgers, 19 cent cheeseburgers, 20 cent malts and 10 cent fries. By 1952 the business was booming. The brothers had purchased 8 mixers for their milkshake production and ordered two more. This purchase caught the attention of the owner of the Multi-mixer, Ray Kroc and changed the history of McDonalds. Ray noticed that this hamburger stand continued purchasing from him and he decided to go check it out. Ray was very impressed with the McDonald brothers self service concept and their booming business that now included a few franchises. He made a proposal to expand their business across the country with himself supplying the Multi-mixers. The brothers were not interested in becoming so large but did agree to give him exclusive rights to the McDonald system. Kroc opened his first franchise in Des Plaines, Chicago in 1955 and subsequently sold 18 more in the first year. He collected 1.9% of gross sales and turned in 0.5% of that to the McDonald brothers. He was barely breaking even in this arrangement, until he met Harry Sonnenborne, who encouraged him to lease or purchase the property for all future McDonald franchises. The operators would pay him either a monthly rent or percentage of their gross sales, whichever was greater. Kroc created a 75 page manual outlining the specifics of running a McDonalds to ensure all restaurants had the same cleanliness standards, the same amount of meat in each hamburger, the specifics for cutting and preparing French fries. The McDonald brothers resisted these changes and many arguments ensued. In 1960, Ray Kroc convinced Dick and Mac McDonald to sell the legal rights to him for 2.7 million dollars. At the time of this transaction, the chain had more than 200 restaurants. In 1990, after public outcry concerning cholesterol, McDonalds switched from beef tallow to pure vegetable oil in their french-fries. In 2006, McDonalds began a design Forever Young in all their restaurants using the traditional yellow and red colors and adding olive and sage, using more brick and wood with less plastic. With the vision of two brothers and the marketing strategy of one high school drop out, McDonald Corporation has grown to be the favorite fast food restaurant to millions of customers in more than 100 countries around the world. Business Goals, Objectives and Mission McDonalds S.M.A.R.T objectives Market share objectives Market share can be achieved within a specified period of time if objectives are set accurately Increasing profits objective is to increase profits or percentage of sales for a certain period of time. Survive Current/present hard times the business is in. Growth Business objectives may state growth by 15% year on year for the next 5 years ahead. Increasing brand awareness over a certain period of time. Mission Statement A mission statement is a brief and to point representation of a company or organizations purpose for existence. It is a formal document that states the objectives of a company or organization addressing concept like moral/ethical position of the company, public image, target market, etc. McDonalds Aims and Objectives Having great concerns bout the organizations customers. Being socially responsible for the companys welfare. Serving high standard and quality food with quick and outstanding service all along with great value for money. Maintain a good and friendly environment. McDonalds vision is to be the worlds best quick service restaurant experience. Being the best means providing outstanding quality, service, cleanliness, and value, so that we make every customer in every restaurant smile. McDonalds is known through out the world for their commitment to inclusion and diversity not only with their employees but with their franchises and suppliers. Core Objectives of McDonalds The core objective and mission of McDonalds is to be the worlds premier consumer product organization mainly focusing on convenient fast foods. They practice producing financial rewards to their investors hence providing opportunities for growth and enrichment for their employees, business partners and for the communities in which they operate. They strive for Honesty, Fairness and integrity in everything they do. McDonalds responsibility is to continually improve all aspects of the world in which they operate   environment, social, economic   creating a better tomorrow than today. Their main vision is put into action by a series of programs focusing on environmental stewardship, activities to benefit society and their commitment to building shareholder value by making McDonalds a truly sustainable company. Values and Principles of McDonalds. Core value is customer experience McDonalds is alive because of their customers and they demonstrate their appreciation by providing them with high quality products and services in a clean and welcoming environment, with great value for their money. Commitment to their people the key to their continuous success is them providing opportunity, nurture talent, developing leaders and reward achievement. Through their experience they believe that a team of well trained individuals with diverse backgrounds and experiences, working together in an environment that fosters respect and drives high levels of engagement. Believing in the McDonalds system their foundation is based on their business model depicted by the three-legged stool of owner/operators, suppliers and the employees and their balance of interest among the three group is key. Operation of business ethically At McDonalds, business is run to high standards of fairness, honesty and integrity, individually being accountable and collectively responsible. Giving back to their communities They help their customers build better communities, support Ronald McDonald House Charities, scope and resources to help make the world a better place. Growing the business profitably As McDonalds is a publicly traded company, they work continuously to provide sustained profitable growth for their shareholders. Continuously striving to improve Through constant evolution and innovation, McDonalds aims to anticipate and respond to changing customer, employee and system needs. Stakeholder Analysis It is a technique adopted by organizations, used to identify and assess the importance of key people, groups of people, or institutions that may significantly influence the success of their activities or projects. This technique can either be used alone or with team members involved. Significance of a Stakeholder Analysis.